(1) A graduating student at the novice level in mathematics is beginning to attain the prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental. He/she gives responses that exhibit significant difficulty in understanding basic concepts, reasoning, implementing problem solving strategies, and making connections. Basic skills, representations, structure, and process development are severely lacking even though the student may attempt to solve problems. Substantial errors and lack of communication skills hinder the student's progress.

(a) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 1 in the areas of:

(i) quantification;

(ii) estimation and accuracy;

(iii) equivalence with multiple notation;

(iv) properties of numbers and number systems; and

(v) modeling relationships and change.

(b) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 2 in the areas of:

(i) representing and analyzing data;

(ii) evaluating validity;

(iii) rules of probability and expected value;

(iv) counting methods; and

(v) curve fitting.

(c) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 3 in the areas of:

(i) conjectures and inductive reasoning;

(ii) applications of geometric models;

(iii) multiple geometric approaches;

(iv) indirect measurement; and

(v) methods of proof.

(d) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 4 in the areas of:

(i) representing functions;

(ii) variables and parameters;

(iii) solving systems of equations and inequalities;

(iv) families of functions and transformations; and

(v) analyzing and conjecturing with models.