(1) The benchmark for speaking and listening content standard 2 for a student at the end of grade 4 is the ability to:

(a) recognize the techniques of listening in a variety of situations (e.g., focusing attention, reflecting, interpreting, analyzing, responding to messages) ;

(b) demonstrate appropriate speaking and listening behaviors in communicating with peers and others in formal and informal classroom situations;

(c) speak and listen effectively for a range of purposes (e.g., reading aloud and listening to oral readings, sharing and listening to personal experiences, presenting and listening to oral reports, clearly giving and understanding directions and instructions) ;

(d) identify and appropriately use different types of presentations (e.g., storytelling, narrative, description) ; and

(e) identify and use different types of listening appropriate to the listening situation (e.g.,casual, appreciative, attentive) .